References

American Psychiatric, Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders : DMS-IV. Book. 4th ed. APA.
Andreasen, Nancy C. 1979a. “Thought, Language, and Communication Disorders: I. Clinical Assessment, Definition of Terms, and Evaluation of Their Reliability.” Journal Article. Archives of General Psychiatry 36 (12): 1315–21. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006.
Andreasen, Nancy C. 1979b. “Thought, Language, and Communication Disorders: II. Diagnostic Significance.” Journal Article. Archives of General Psychiatry 36 (12): 1325–30. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120055007.
Andreasen, Nancy C. 1982. “Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Definition and Reliability.” Journal Article. Archives of General Psychiatry 39 (7): 784–88. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070020005.
Andreasen, Nancy C. 2007. “DSM and the Death of Phenomenology in America: An Example of Unintended Consequences.” Journal Article. Schizophr Bull 33 (1): 108–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbl054.
Andreasen, Nancy C. 2011. “Concept of Schizophrenia: Past, Present, and Future.” Book Section to Schizophrenia, edited by Daniel R. Weinberger and Paul J. Harrison. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444327298.ch1.
Andreasen, Nancy C., Ralph E. Hoffman, and William M. Grove. 1985. “Mapping Abnormalities in Language and Cognition.” Book Section to Controversies in Schizophrenia: Changes and Constancies: Proceedings of the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Psychopathological Association, New York City, March 1-3, 1984. The Guilford Press.
Andreasen, Nancy C., Peg Nopoulos, Susan Schultz, et al. 1994. “Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Past, Present, and Future.” Journal Article. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 90 (s384): 51–59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05891.x.
Andreasen, Nancy C., and Scott Olsen. 1982. “Negative v Positive Schizophrenia: Definition and Validation.” Journal Article. Archives of General Psychiatry 39 (7): 789–94. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006.
Berrios, G. E. 1985. “Positive and Negative Symptoms and Jackson. A Conceptual History.” Journal Article. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 (1): 95–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790240097011.
Bilder, R. M., S. Mukherjee, R. O. Rieder, and A. K. Pandurangi. 1985. “Symptomatic and Neuropsychological Components of Defect States.” Journal Article. Schizophr Bull 11 (3): 409–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/11.3.409.
Bürgy, M. 2008. “The Concept of Psychosis: Historical and Phenomenological Aspects.” Journal Article. Schizophr Bull 34 (6): 1200–1210. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm136.
Chand, G. B., D. B. Dwyer, G. Erus, et al. 2020. “Two Distinct Neuroanatomical Subtypes of Schizophrenia Revealed Using Machine Learning.” Journal Article. Brain 143 (3): 1027–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa025.
Chen, Ji, Kaustubh R. Patil, Susanne Weis, et al. 2020. “Neurobiological Divergence of the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Subtypes Identified on a New Factor Structure of Psychopathology Using Non-Negative Factorization: An International Machine Learning Study.” Journal Article. Biological Psychiatry 87 (3): 282–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.031.
Chiu, Y. H., M. Y. Kao, K. K. Goh, C. Y. Lu, and M. L. Lu. 2022. “Renaming Schizophrenia and Stigma Reduction: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nursing Students in Taiwan.” Journal Article. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063563.
Conrad, Klaus. 1958. Die Beginnende Schizophrenie. Versuch Einer Gestaltanalyse Des Wahns. Book. Thieme.
Conrad, Klaus. 1963. La Esquizofrenia Incipiente. Intento de Un Analisis de La Forma Del Delirio. Book. Monografias Médicas Alhambra. Editorial Alhambra.
Crow, T. J. 1980. “Molecular Pathology of Schizophrenia: More Than One Disease Process?” Journal Article. Br Med J 280 (6207): 66–68. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.280.6207.66.
Dazzi, Federico, Alan Shafer, and Marco Lauriola. 2016. “Meta-Analysis of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded (BPRS-e) Structure and Arguments for a New Version.” Journal Article. Journal of Psychiatric Research 81: 140–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.001.
Endicott, J., and R. L. Spitzer. 1978. “A Diagnostic Interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35 (7): 837–44. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002.
Falkai, P., M. J. Rossner, T. G. Schulze, et al. 2015. “Kraepelin Revisited: Schizophrenia from Degeneration to Failed Regeneration.” Journal Article. Mol Psychiatry 20 (6): 671–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.35.
Gaebel, W. 2012. “Status of Psychotic Disorders in ICD-11.” Journal Article. Schizophr Bull 38 (5): 895–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs104.
Gaebel, W., and A. Kerst. 2019. “The Debate about Renaming Schizophrenia: A New Name Would Not Resolve the Stigma.” Journal Article. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 28 (3): 258–61. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000513.
Guloksuz, Sinan, and Jim van Os. 2019. “Renaming Schizophrenia: 5 × 5.” Journal Article. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28 (3): 254–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796018000586.
Häfner, H., K. Maurer, W. Löffler, et al. 1998. “The ABC Schizophrenia Study: A Preliminary Overview of the Results.” Journal Article. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33 (8): 380–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050069.
Hambrecht, M., and H. Häfner. 1993. “["Trema, Apophany, Apocalypse"–Is Conrad’s Phase Model Empirically Founded?].” Journal Article. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 61 (12): 418–23. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-999113.
Hoenig, J. 1999. “Schizoprenia. Clinical Section.” Book Section to A History of Clinical Psychiatry. The Origin & History of Psychiatric Disorders., edited by German Berrios and Roy Porter. The Athlone Press.
Hoenig, J. 1983. “The Concept of Schizophrenia Kraepelin–Bleuler–Schneider.” Journal Article. British Journal of Psychiatry 142 (6): 547–56. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.142.6.547.
Hoff, P. 2015. “The Kraepelinian Tradition.” Journal Article. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 17 (1): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.1/phoff.
Hoff, Paul. 1999. “Kraepelin. Clinical Section - Part i.” Book Section to A History of Clinical Psychiatry. The Origin & History of Psychiatric Disorders., edited by German Berrios and Roy Porter. The Athlone Press.
Hoff, Paul. 2012. “Eugen Bleuler’s Concept of Schizophrenia and Its Relevance to Present-Day Psychiatry.” Journal Article. Neuropsychobiology 66 (1): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337174.
Huber, G., G. Gross, and R. Schüttler. 1979. “Schizophrenie. Verlaufs- Und Sozialpsychiatrische Langzeituntersuchungen.” Book. Springer (Berlin).
Katz, Martin M, Jonathan O Cole, and Henri A Lowery. 1969. “Studies of the Diagnostic Process: The Influence of Symptom Perception, Past Experience, and Ethnic Background on Diagnostic Decisions.” Journal Article. American Journal of Psychiatry 125 (7): 937–47. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.125.7.937.
Kendell, R. E., J. E. Cooper, A. J. Gourlay, J. R. M. Copeland, L. Sharpe, and B. J. Gurland. 1971. “Diagnostic Criteria of American and British Psychiatrists.” Journal Article. JAMA Psychiatry 25 (2): 123–30. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750140027006.
Klosterkotter, J., M. Hellmich, E. M. Steinmeyer, and F. Schultze-Lutter. 1999. “Diagnosing Schizophrenia in the Initial Prodromal Phase.” Journal Article. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 (2): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.2.178.
Lasalvia, A., E. Penta, N. Sartorius, and S. Henderson. 2015. “Should the Label "Schizophrenia" Be Abandoned?” Journal Article. Schizophr Res 162 (1-3): 276–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.031.
Liddle, P. F. 1987. “The Symptoms of Chronic Schizophrenia. A Re-Examination of the Positive-Negative Dichotomy.” Journal Article. Br J Psychiatry 151: 145–51. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.2.145.
Maatz, A., P. Hoff, and J. Angst. 2015. “Eugen Bleuler’s Schizophrenia–a Modern Perspective.” Journal Article. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 17 (1): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.1/amaatz.
Mannarini, S., F. Taccini, I. Sato, and A. A. Rossi. 2022. “Understanding Stigma Toward Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. Psychiatry Res 318: 114970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114970.
Marder, Stephen R., and Daniel Umbricht. 2023. “Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Newly Emerging Measurements, Pathways, and Treatments.” Schizophrenia Research 258: 71–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.07.010.
Maruta, T., and C. Matsumoto. 2019. “Renaming Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 28 (3): 262–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000598.
McNally, K. 2009. “Eugene Bleuler’s Four As.” Journal Article. Hist Psychol 12 (2): 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015934.
Mellor, C. S. 1970. “First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia: I. The Frequency in Schizophrenics on Admission to Hospital II. Differences Between Individual First Rank Symptoms.” Journal Article. British Journal of Psychiatry 117 (536): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1192/S0007125000192116.
Miret, Salvador, Mar Fatjó-Vilas, Víctor Peralta, and Lourdes Fañanás. 2016. “Basic Symptoms in Schizophrenia, Their Clinical Study and Relevance in Research.” Journal Article. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) 9 (2): 111–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsmen.2016.04.005.
Mishara, Aaron L. 2010. “Klaus Conrad (1905–1961): Delusional Mood, Psychosis, and Beginning Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. Schizophrenia Bulletin 36 (1): 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp144.
Möller, Hans-Jürgen. 2009. “Development of DSM-v and ICD-11: Tendencies and Potential of New Classifications in Psychiatry at the Current State of Knowledge.” Journal Article. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 63 (5): 595–612. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.02020.x.
Moritz, S., Ł Gawęda, W. T. Carpenter, et al. 2024. “What Kurt Schneider Really Said and What the DSM Has Made of It in Its Different Editions: A Plea to Redefine Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. Schizophr Bull 50 (1): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad131.
Nordgaard, Julie, Sidse M. Arnfred, Peter Handest, and Josef Parnas. 2008. “The Diagnostic Status of First-Rank Symptoms.” Journal Article. Schizophrenia Bulletin 34 (1): 137–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm044.
Pearce, J M S. 2004. “Positive and Negative Cerebral Symptoms: The Roles of Russell Reynolds and Hughlings Jackson.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75 (8): 1148–48. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.038422.
Peralta, V., and M. J. Cuesta. 2001. “How Many and Which Are the Psychopathological Dimensions in Schizophrenia? Issues Influencing Their Ascertainment.” Journal Article. Schizophr Res 49 (3): 269–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00071-2.
Sato, Mitsumoto. 2006. “Renaming Schizophrenia: A Japanese Perspective.” World Psychiatry 5 (1): 53.
Schneider, Kurt. 1978a. Psicopatologia Clínica. Book. 3rd ed. Editora Mestre Jou.
Schneider, Kurt. 1978b. Psicopatologia Clínica. Book. 3rd ed. Editora Mestre Jou.
Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Martin Debbané, Anastasia Theodoridou, et al. 2016. “Revisiting the Basic Symptom Concept: Toward Translating Risk Symptoms for Psychosis into Neurobiological Targets.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00009.
Shi, W., L. Fan, H. Wang, et al. 2023. “Two Subtypes of Schizophrenia Identified by an Individual-Level Atypical Pattern of Tensor-Based Morphometric Measurement.” Journal Article. Cereb Cortex 33 (7): 3683–700. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac301.
Simeone, J. C., A. J. Ward, P. Rotella, J. Collins, and R. Windisch. 2015. “An Evaluation of Variation in Published Estimates of Schizophrenia Prevalence from 1990─2013: A Systematic Literature Review.” Journal Article. BMC Psychiatry 15: 193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0578-7.
Soares-Weiser, K., N. Maayan, H. Bergman, et al. 2015. “First Rank Symptoms for Schizophrenia (Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Review).” Journal Article. Schizophr Bull 41 (4): 792–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbv061.
Spitzer, Robert L., and Joseph L. Fleiss. 1974. “A Re-Analysis of the Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis.” Journal Article. British Journal of Psychiatry 125 (587): 341–47. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.125.4.341.
Vos, Theo, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, et al. 2017. “Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 328 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.” Journal Article. The Lancet 390 (10100): 1211–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.
Wallwork, R. S., R. Fortgang, R. Hashimoto, D. R. Weinberger, and D. Dickinson. 2012. “Searching for a Consensus Five-Factor Model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. Schizophrenia Research 137 (1): 246–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.01.031.
Wijers, F. W. H. M., W. M. A. Verhoeven, and S. Tuinier. 2005. “The Enigmatic Phenotype: Relevant Signs and Symptoms in Schizophrenia.” Journal Article. The European Journal of Psychiatry 19: 215–30. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-61632005000400003&nrm=iso.